Kharitonov Alexander Eduardovich (Postgraduate,
D.I. Mendeleev Russian University of Chemical Technology
)
Makarova Anna Sergeevna (Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor
Russian University of Chemistry and Technology named after D.I. Mendeleev
)
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Technogenic soil pollution with heavy metals (HMS), such as zinc, copper and cadmium, poses a serious threat to the environment, which necessitates the development of reliable methods for assessing plant phytotolerance. The purpose of this study is to develop a standardized technique based on hydroponics for rapid assessment of plant resistance to polymetallic contamination for further use in the phytoremediation process. In a hydroponic installation under controlled conditions, six species of bioindicator plants were exposed to zinc, copper and cadmium salts in the concentration range from 1 to 200 conditional values of maximum permissible concentrations (MPC). Morphophysiological parameters (germination, growth, biomass) and accumulation of metals in tissues were evaluated using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The results revealed a pronounced dose-dependent response in all species. Mustard of the field (Lat. "Brassica juncea") has been identified as the most tolerant species, exhibiting the properties of a hyperaccumulator with an effective concentration value (Ec₅₀) of approximately 100 MPDC and accumulating metals up to 1200 mg/kg (Cd) and 265 mg/kg (Zn) in root tissues. Meadow bluegrass (Latin "Poa pratensis") showed extreme sensitivity, reaching Ec₅₀ already at 5xPDC. A strong negative correlation was also found between the concentration of metals in plant tissues and key growth parameters. The developed hydroponic technique reduces the assessment time of phytotolerance from several years to 1-2 months while maintaining high accuracy (85-90%). The strong correlation (r > 0.7) between the data from the hydroponic experiments and the field results confirms the predictive value of this approach. The data obtained demonstrate that hydroponic screening provides an effective and reliable method of pre-selection of plant species for phytoremediation of soils contaminated with metals, which is of particular interest for practical application. The novelty of the work lies in the development of a comprehensive standardized protocol for rapid assessment of phytotolerance, validated by comparison with field data.
Keywords:hydroponics, heavy metals, phytoremediation, phytotolerance, biomonitoring.
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Citation link:
Kharitonov A. E., Makarova A. S. METHODOLOGICAL APPROACH TO DETERMINING PHYTOTOLERANCE TO TOXIC POLLUTANT IMPACT USING HYDROPONICS // Современная наука: актуальные проблемы теории и практики. Серия: Естественные и Технические Науки. -2026. -№01. -С. 27-31 DOI 10.37882/2223-2966.2026.01.35 |
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