| |
The article is devoted to the topic of sexual dimorphism of adaptive reactions of polyathlete athletes to competitive loads during long-term training. Special attention is paid to the morphofunctional differences between men and women involved in polyathlon, as well as the phenomenon of morphological masculinization in highly qualified athletes. The aim of the study was to quantify the manifestations of sexual dimorphism in the morphofunctional adaptation of the body of polyathletes to specific training and competitive loads. Methods: a comprehensive analysis of the morphological, physiological and psychophysiological parameters of 73 athletes (42 women, 31 men) qualified from the mass categories to the MCMC. Anthropometric measurements, determination of the body weight component according to the J. Matiegka method, calculation of physical development indices, factor analysis and the Wilcoxon criterion were used. Results: statistically significant sex differences were found in all the parameters studied. In men, the muscle mass was 50.5±0.5% versus 48.8±0.7% in women, and the fat component was 13.4±0.7% versus 24.5±0.9%, respectively. Factor analysis revealed the priority importance of the muscle component for both sexes. Highly qualified athletes have a tendency towards morphological masculinization and the formation of an androgynous psychological type. Conclusions: the revealed patterns of sexual dimorphism justify the need for a differentiated approach to planning the training process, taking into account the specifics of the adaptive reactions of athletes of different sexes at all stages of long-term training.
Keywords:sexual dimorphism, polyathlon, adaptive reactions, morphofunctional parameters, body weight component, morphological masculinization, sports specialization, long-term training, competitive loads
|
LEGAL
INFORMATION:
